Mechanical properties and biodegradability of crab shell-derived exoskeletons in orthopedic implant design

Abstract

This review paper explores the innovative application of crab shell-derived exoskeleton materials, specifically chitin and chitosan, in the design of orthopedic implants. The urgent need for sustainable, biocompatible, and mechanically robust materials in medical applications guides this comprehensive analysis. We assess the mechanical properties of crab shell derivatives, highlighting their adequate strength and durability which are essential for successful orthopedic applications. This study also evaluates the biodegradability of these materials, an attribute that stands out for its potential to minimize long-term bodily impacts and reduce the need for secondary surgeries. Comparative analyses against traditional implant materials such as metals and ceramics are provided to underline the advantages and current limitations of crab shell-derived biopolymers. The review encompasses recent case studies and design innovations, including advanced fabrication techniques like 3D printing, which could integrate these biopolymers into future orthopedic solutions. Finally, we discuss the ongoing challenges and research gaps that must be addressed to harness the full potential of these biological materials in clinical settings. This paper aims to inform researchers and practitioners about the promising prospects of crab shell-derived materials, advocating for continued research and development in this promising area of orthopedic implant technology.