Psychometric evaluation of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief (MSS-B) in Spanish and Mexican samples: A cross-cultural study

Abstract

This study investigates the (a) underlying factor structure and (b) convergent and discriminant validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief (MSS-B), a novel measure for assessing positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy in nonclinically ascertained samples of Mexican and Spanish adults. Two independent studies were conducted. Study 1 involved two independent samples of Castilian Spanish speakers from Spain (Sample 1: n = 1,049; Mage = 23.0, 76% female; Sample 2: n = 542; Mage = 26.5, 83% female), whereas Study 2 assessed a Mexican sample (n = 1,437; Mage = 30.5, 80.1% female). The factor structure was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by comparing MSS-B scores with other measures, such as the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief, the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales-Short Forms, the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Five-Factor Inventory of Personality, and the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief. As hypothesized, the three-factor structure demonstrated the best fit in both studies. MSS-B scores showed adequate convergent and discriminant validity with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief, Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales-Short Forms, and Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief. Associations with personality traits from the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Five-Factor Inventory partially supported our hypothesis. MSS-B scores demonstrated good reliability and validity in nonclinical Spanish-speaking samples from Spain and Mexico, thus allowing the identification of risk for psychosis-spectrum psychopathology and enabling replication in schizotypy research across languages and cultures. Characterizing the heterogeneity of schizotypy dimensions in individuals is critical for identifying developmental pathways that lead to either risk or resilience for psychosis and adequately tailoring treatment targets and strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).