The effect of glycerol addition as plasticizer in Spirulina platensis based bioplastic

Abstract

Bioplastic is one of the breakthroughs in the effort to reduce plastic waste. The bioplastic can be produced from microalgae with a high protein content, such as Spirulina platensis. The aim of this research was to produce S. platensis-based plastic with mechanical properties that mimics the commercial plastic bags. The microalgae were mixed with polyvinyl and maleic anhydride as compatibilizer to strengthen the bond between the microalgae and polymer. Glycerol was added as plasticizer to increase the flexibility. Observation was carried out on tensile strength and elongation of bioplastic with a variation of 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt% of glycerol content. The results show that the optimum plasticizer composition for this S. platensis-based bioplastic film was 30 wt%, which shows the tensile strength at 27.7 kgf/cm 2 and elongation at 66%. The tensile strength was very close to that of commercial plastic bags. The elongation property should be improved in order to be utilized for plastic bags. However, this bioplastic is very suitable for food, pharmacy, and cosmetic packaging materials that do not need high elongation.