Comparison of hybrid procedure and open surgical revascularization for multilevel infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease

Abstract

Objective: To compare outcomes of hybrid (combined surgical and endovascular) procedures (HYBRID) with open surgical reconstructions (OPEN) in patients with multilevel infrainguinal artery occlusive diseases. Conclusion: Multilevel infrainguinal artery occlusive diseases could be treated by hybrid procedure, with shorter hospitalization, less perioperative morbidity, and similar early-and long-term efficacy compared with open revascularization. A hybrid procedure should be considered for patients with high surgical risk, but critical limb ischemia, diabetes, and renal insufficiency could compromise its long-term patency. Design: Case series study with retrospective analysis of prospectively collected nonrandomized data. Methods: Between 2008 and 2012, 64 patients underwent OPEN and 43 underwent HYBRID. Patient characteristics, technique success, clinical improvement, and procedure-related morbidity were reviewed and compared. Patency rates and limb salvages were analyzed and compared using Kaplan-Meier life tables. Cox regression analyses were used to assess the influence of various risk factors on primary patency. Results: HYBRID patients were older and presented with worse New York Heart Association function compared with OPEN patients. The increase in the ankle-brachial index and improvement of Ruthford category after procedures were equivalent between two groups, but HYBRID patients had shorter hospital length of stay (7.6±12.0 versus 15.5±17.3; P= 0.018) and less overall perioperative morbidity (12% versus 28%; P=0.042) compared with OPEN patients. No statistically significant difference in 36-month primary (47.1%±7.1% versus 50.1%±9.4%; P=0.418), assisted primary (57.0%±7.9% versus 62.4%±9.2%; P=0.517), or secondary (82.0%±6.8% versus 83.1%±7.3%; P=0.445) patency was seen between the two groups. Limb salvage rates of HYBRID vs OPEN at 3 years were similar (76.3%±9.3% versus 80.4%±8.2%; P=0.579). Critical limb ischemia was a negative predictor of long-term patency of patients in both the HYBRID and OPEN groups (P=0.012 and P<0.001, respectively), and the presence of diabetes and renal insufficiency were another two independent predictors of decreased primary patency for HYBRID (P=0.017 and P=0.019, respectively).