Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a 43-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus on SGLT-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin)

Abstract

We report a case of euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) in a 43-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to the emergency department with problems of vomiting, cough, shortness of breath and generalised weakness after following a ketogenic diet for 2 weeks. Therapy with sodium glucose transport protein-2 empagliflozin had been started 2 months prior. Initial evaluation revealed high anion gap metabolic acidosis with blood glucose level of 169mg/dL. Treatment for EDKA with fluid resuscitation, intravenous insulin and dextrose resolved her acidosis and symptoms in less than 24hours. Empaglifozin was discontinued on discharge. This entity represents a diagnostic challenge since the differential diagnosis is broad with a potentially misleading clinical presentation that can result in delayed diagnosis and adverse outcomes including acute kidney injury, multiple electrolyte abnormalities, cerebral oedema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock and death.