Long-Term Effect of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome on Respiratory Parameters in Iraqi People

Abstract

Background: The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are thought to be a novel area of research due to variances in the epidemiology and therapy. Nevertheless, the follow-up time interval (6 or 12 months) was excessively long, and the time point of the follow-up period varied from 3 to 24 months in the prior research. More research is required to understand better COVID-19's effects, including their long-term effects on the lungs and how they may affect pulmonary function. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long-term impact of post-COVID-19 syndrome on pulmonary function tests. Methods: This research was a case-control study conducted from 13 October 2023 to 13 November 2023 at the Al-Sader Teaching Hospital in Maysan City. There are fifty-eight patients and fifty-eight controls included. This study comprised patients who visited a pulmonary consulting clinic and had COVID-19 symptoms, matched by controls who were chosen at random. The controls had to meet the same criteria as the cases, with the exception that they did not have COVID-19 disease. The most popular kind of breathing or pulmonary function test is spirometry, spirometry was used to measure: FVC, FEV, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Result: Sixty-six post COVID-19 syndrome with ages (34.1 ± 9.8) years and sixty-seven controls were enrolled. The results of FVC and FEV parameters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05) between cases and control groups. However, no significant differences existed between groups for the FEV1/FVC ratio. In the comparison of lung function tests between cases and control across different age groups (18-29, 30-39, 50-65) years, we found that mean FVC is significantly lower for the age group 18-29 years than for 30-39 and 50-65 years, and the mean FEV is significantly lower for the age group 18-29 years than for 30-39. Conclusion: After COVID-19, a significant number of patients continue to have symptoms, with respiratory symptoms accounting for the majority of complaints. Patients with continuing symptoms were younger and presented a significantly lower FVC and FEV.