Neonatal Gastrointestinal Emergencies

Abstract

Gastrointestinal emergencies in neonates and infants can be life-threatening and require prompt recognition and intervention. These emergencies encompass a wide range of conditions, including both upper and lower gastrointestinal disorders, each presenting distinct challenges in diagnosis and management. Conditions such as esophageal atresia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal atresia, malrotation, meconium ileus, Hirschsprung disease, anorectal malformations, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intussusception are commonly encountered in neonatal care. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and surgical and medical management strategies for these conditions, emphasizing the importance of early intervention in preventing morbidity and mortality.