Venous air embolism

Abstract

Venous air embolism is the entry of air into the venous system as a consequence of trauma or iatrogenic complications (especially central venous cannulation or pressurized intravenous infusion systems). It also can occur following the surgical procedures. Venous air embolism results in right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary injury. In this review article various causes, frequency, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, outcome and prevention of venous air embolism are discussed.