Rapid Sampling and Polarimetric Statistics of Lightning With a Phased Array Radar

Abstract

Previous studies of lightning detection by radar mostly consisted of observations with reflector-antenna systems yielding slow volume scan times. Phased array radars offer much faster scan times that are likely to capture echoes from propagating lightning channels. Rapidly updated range-height indicator scans were used to observe severe storms that occurred in central Oklahoma with the fully digital S-band Horus PAR to examine echoes from lightning plasma. Numerous lightning echoes were observed during the sampling period in good spatial and temporal agreement with lightning mapping array detections of very high frequency radiation sources. Statistically, they result in increased horizontal reflectivity factor, deviations in radial velocity and spectrum width, highly variable differential reflectivity and differential phase, and decreases in correlation coefficient. Results presented also highlight the capability of phased array radars to better observe lightning compared to current radars, and aid in the study of storm electrification and lightning physics.