A Pediatric Infectious Disease Perspective on COVID-19

Abstract

This review highlights the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and neonates and contrasts these features with other common respiratory viruses. Although the majority of infections in children are mild, there are many important, as yet, unanswered questions (specifically, the attack rate in children and the role of children as vectors of infection) that will have a major impact on disease in adults. There are no distinctive clinical characteristics that will allow the infectious disease consultant to make the diagnosis without laboratory testing. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears to be less common, with lower morbidity and mortality than respiratory syncytial virus or influenza, and causes less-severe disease in children with cancer than these more common viruses. The range of severity of infection during pregnancy is comparable to infection in nonpregnant cohorts. Intrauterine infection has been documented but is uncommon. A theme of less-severe disease in individuals with modulated immune systems is emerging.