Advances in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Abstract

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a critical stage of tuberculosis infection in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is dormant and does not cause active disease. Traditionally, the most commonly used clinical methods for diagnosing LTBI have been the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Recently, however, novel skin tests, molecular biology techniques, and cytokine biomarkers have been developed. This review summarizes the latest research on the diagnosis of LTBI, highlighting new tools and methods to improve detection and differentiation from active tuberculosis(ATB).