Laparoscopically assisted colorectal surgery provides better short-term clinical and inflammatory outcomes compared to open colorectal surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Changes in immune function after surgery may influence overall outcome, length of hospital stay, susceptibility to infection and perioperative tumour dissemination in cancer patients. Our aim was to elaborate on postoperative differences in the immune status and the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response between two groups of prospectively enrolled patients with colorectal cancer, namely patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted or open colorectal surgery. Material and methods: Blood samples from 77 patients were taken before surgery and then 3 h, 24 h and 4 days after surgery. The inflammatory response was determined by leukocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin levels (PCT). Immune status was determined by phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte populations and the activation of mononuclear cells. CD64 expression and cytokine expression were also determined. Results: Patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted surgery had less intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.002), earlier resumption of diet (p = 0.002) and shorter hospital stay (p = 0.02). Numbers of total leukocytes (p = 0.12), CRP (p = 0.002) and PCT (p = 0.23) were remarkably higher 4 days after surgery in patients who underwent an open colorectal procedure. There was an important decrease in monocyte HLA-DR expression 3 h after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted surgery (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Our study suggests that minimally invasive surgery provides better short-term clinical outcomes for patients with resectable colorectal cancer. The acute inflammatory response is less pronounced. Post-surgical immunological disturbance in both groups is similar, but we observed a divergent effect of different surgical approaches on the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes. However, our results corroborate the results of previous studies.