Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems: An efficient system for the treatment of chronic diseases

Abstract

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems form an integral component in modern medicine since they respond to major problems undermining traditional pharmacotherapeutic techniques, such as poor bioavailability, toxicity, and poor targeting of the desired drug location. This review also looks into the different types of nanoparticles: liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers and solid lipid nanoparticles, and how they work such as: targeting, drug delivery, release of drug, and tissue penetration. Some of the FDA-approved drugs that incorporated nanotechnology are Doxil; Abraxane; Onivyde; Vyxeos and two COVID-19 vaccines— Comirnaty and Spikevax that uses lipid nanoparticles to activate the immune system against COVID-19. By comparing the nanoparticle to the conventional drug delivery physical systems, we can see that nanoparticle possess following advantages which include; targeting, bioavailability, controlled release and cross biological barriers like the blood brain barrier. However, the following challenges are still present: numerous manufacturing steps, problems in scaling up, and regulatory limitations that can affect clinical use of the technology. This review also underlines that nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems will have a very bright future in the field of personalized medicine and will change the strategy of the disease treatment such as cancer and some neurological diseases. Further development in this area is critical in order to provide thorough eradication of the existing challenges and make the best utilization of the nanoparticles for therapies.