New candidate for traditional anti-malarial medicine from Kebiul seed (Caesalpinia bonduc) as a substitute for chloroquine in preclinical testing of mice

Abstract

Kebiul seeds (Caesalpinia bonduc) are seeds from the Kebiul plant that are widely used by the community of Bengkulu in southern, Indonesia, especially by the Sarawai tribe as a cure for malaria. The purpose of this study was to scientifically prove the efficacy of Kebiul seeds as an anti-malaria medicine through preclinical testing in mice by measuring percent (%) chemosuppresion of crude extract of Kebiul seeds. Twenty-five mice were divided into 5 groups, K-, K +, P1, P2 and P3, each was infected with Palsmodium berghei. Three days after infection, the number of parasitemia of mice was calculated. When the number of parasites had reached 20-30%, mice were treated orally for 3 days according to their group. Group (K-) was treated with olive oil, group (K +) with chloroquine, and group P1, P2 and P3 with crude extract of Kebiul seeds at a dose of 0.028 g / kgbw, 0.056 g / kgbw and 0.084g / kgbw. The average number of parasitaemia developments was calculated from the 1st day of treatment to the 7th day through thin blood smears drawn from the tail. Calculation of the percentage (%) of chemosuppression was done by comparing the mean number of parasitaemia in the negative control (K-) and one in the treated group. As the result, the average percentage (%) of chemosuppresion in the administration of crude extract Kebiul seeds at a dose of 0.028 g / kgbw was 51.21% higher than the administration of chloroquine (50.77%). Moreover, it has been reported in several areas including Bengkulu that malaria is resistant to chloroquine. Therefore, based on this result, Kebiul seed extract at a dose of 0.028 g / kgbw can be developed as a new traditional medicine as a substitute for anti-malaria medicine chloroquine.