Intrinsic DMI-free skyrmion formation and robust dynamic behaviors in magnetic hemispherical shells

Abstract

We performed finite-element micromagnetic simulations to examine the formation of skyrmions without intrinsic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in magnetic hemispherical shells. We found that curvature-induced DM-like interaction allows for further stabilization of skyrmions without the DMI in curved-geometry hemispherical shells for a specific range of uniaxial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) constant Ku. The larger the curvature of the shell, the higher the Ku value required for the formation of the skyrmions. With well-stabilized skyrmions, we also found in-plane gyration modes and azimuthal spin-wave modes as well as an out-of-plane breathing mode, similarly to previously found modes for planar geometries. Furthermore, additional higher-frequency hybrid modes were observed due to coupling between the gyration and azimuthal modes. This work provides further physical insight into the static and dynamic properties of intrinsic DMI-free skyrmions formed in curved-geometry systems.