Phase IV Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label Clinical Trial of Cenegermin (rhNGF) for Stage 1 Neurotrophic Keratopathy (DEFENDO)

Abstract

Introduction: Cenegermin is approved for treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) and has been studied in patients with stage 2 or 3 NK. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of cenegermin in adults with stage 1 NK. Methods: This was a phase IV, multicenter, prospective, open-label, uncontrolled trial. Adults with stage 1 NK (Mackie criteria) and decreased corneal sensitivity (≤ 4 cm) received 1 drop of cenegermin 20 mcg/ml in the affected eye(s) 6 times/day for 8 weeks with a 24-week follow-up. Results: Of 37 patients, corneal epithelial healing was observed in 84.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68.1–94.9%; P < 0.001) at week 8; 95.2% (95% CI 76.2–99.9%; P < 0.001) of those patients remained healed at the end of the 24-week follow-up (week 32). At week 8, 91.2% (95% CI 76.3–98.1%; P < 0.001) of patients experienced improved corneal sensitivity; this improvement was observed in 82.1% (95% CI 63.1–93.9%; P < 0.001) of patients at week 32. Mean best-corrected distance visual acuity change from baseline at week 8 was − 0.10 logMAR (standard deviation [SD], 0.15; 95% CI − 0.16 to − 0.05; P < 0.001) and at week 32 was − 0.05 logMAR (SD, 0.16; 95% CI − 0.11 to 0.01; P = 0.122). At weeks 8 and 32, 15.2% (95% CI 5.1–31.9%; P < 0.001) and 10.7% (95% CI 2.3–28.2%; P < 0.001) of patients, respectively, had a 15-letter gain from baseline. At least one adverse event (AE) was reported by 73.0% and 45.7% of patients during the treatment and follow-up periods, respectively. The most common treatment-related, treatment-emergent AEs were eye pain (37.8%), blurred vision (10.8%), and eyelid pain (8.1%); these were mostly mild or moderate and were only reported during the treatment period. Conclusions: These results support the potential use of cenegermin for treating patients with stage 1 NK, and future confirmatory studies would be beneficial to elaborate on these findings. Trial Registration: DEFENDO; NCT04485546. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].