Large-signal modeling and experimental design automation of self-isolated harmonic oscillator for pulling effect reduction

Abstract

A class of self-isolated harmonic oscillator (SIHO) with a feedback-loop structure is able to significantly reduce the pulling effect without involving extra circuit complexity such as a buffer amplifier. In the first part of this paper, the operation principle of the SIHO is theoretically studied through equivalent circuit models and X-parameter techniques. Closed-form expressions are derived to represent the respective linear and nonlinear equivalent impedances of SIHO subnetworks perturbed by varied load and injected signals. A conventional feedback-loop oscillator structure delivering the fundamental tone is used for comparative study. Such a modeling technique reveals the physical principle and behavior parameters that have an impact on the pulling effect. The experimental verification of the SIHO operation principle and modeling is presented as the second part of this paper. To this end, a harmonic measurement and design system is proposed and implemented for the design of an exemplary SIHO, which delivers a 4-GHz signal with 16.6-dBm power, 28% dc-RF efficiency, and-136.5-dBc/Hz phase noise at 1-MHz offset. The design process does not rely on circuit simulation software packages or a prior knowledge of the large-signal model of transistors, thus demonstrating the concept of a model-free nonlinear circuit design automation based on the experimental optimization. The SIHO circuit model is validated with the measured X-parameters of its nonlinear subnetwork.