Physiological Characteristics of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) Varieties in Highlands and Lowlands

Abstract

Background and Objective: Variations in chlorophyll content, stomatal density and cuticle thickness in plants are determined by plant genetic factors and plant growth environment. The objective of the study is to evaluate the physiological characteristics of shallots in the lowlands and highlands. Materials and Methods: This study used a survey method in shallot cultivation sites in the highlands (>700 m asl) and lowlands (<700 m asl), on May-August, 2021, by taking samples of shallot varieties. Analysis of chlorophyll content, stomatal density and cuticle thickness was carried out at the laboratory. Result: The result showed that the highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll were found in shallot of Lokananta variety from Saran Padang 1 (highland). The highest stomatal density was found in the shallots of the Sanren F1 variety (Panei Simalungun). The thickest cuticle was found in the Lokananta variety in Dolok Sanggul 2 (highland). Conclusion: There are variations in chlorophyll, stomatal density and cuticle thickness in the highlands and lowlands. The stomatal density of shallot varieties at each location varied between 57.48-118.83 units stomata. mmG2. The variation of cuticle thickness ranged from 5071.66-32428.07 µm.