Bone marrow transplantation

Abstract

Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft connective tissue called myeloid tissue. It serves as the site for production of blood cells and found in the medullary cavities of certain long bones and in the spaces of spongy bone in some areas.Bone marrow transplant is the intravenous transfer of red bone marrow from a healthy donor to a recipient, with the goal of establishing normal hemopoiesis and consequently normal blood cell counts in the recipient. Bone marrow transplant results in replacement of the host myeloid, erythroid megakaryocytic, lymphoid and macrophage-monocyte systems with those of donor origin. It is a therapeutic option for disease involving the haematopoietic system and many other diseases such as anemia, certain types of leukemia, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, multiple myeloma, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), breast cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer and hemolytic anemia. This article provides information about blood and marrow stem cell transplantation for the treatment of blood cancers. It cover some of the issues that come with transplants, transplant process (HLA matching, HLA-Typing test, Matching related to Donar, Conditioning treatment) and precausion after transplantaion.