Incidence and effects of four parasites in natural populations of bumble bees in Switzerland

Abstract

In field-caught bumble bee (Bombus and Psithyrus) workers, high prevalence of parasitization by conopid flies (20.2%) and the trypanosome Crithidia bombi (35.7%), moderate to low prevalence by the microsporidian Nosema bombi (9.0%) and the mite Bombacarus buchneri (3.6%) were found. -from Authors