Distinct Convergent Brain Alterations in Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Sleep disorders have different etiologies yet share some nocturnal and daytime symptoms, suggesting common neurobiological substrates; healthy individuals undergoing experimental sleep deprivation also report analogous daytime symptoms. However, brain similarities and differences between long-term sleep disorders and short-term sleep deprivation are unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the shared and specific neural correlates across sleep disorders and sleep deprivation. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and BrainMap were searched up to January 2024 to identify relevant structural and functional neuroimaging articles. STUDY SELECTION Whole-brain neuroimaging articles reporting voxel-based group differences between patients with different sleep disorders and healthy control participants or between total or partial sleep-deprived and well-rested individuals were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Significant coordinates of group comparisons, their contrast direction (eg, patients < controls), and imaging modality were extracted. For each article, 2 raters independently evaluated eligibility and extracted data. Subsequently, several meta-analyses were performed with the revised activation likelihood estimation algorithm using P