Zirconia implant with rough surface produced by YAG laser treatment: Evaluation of histomorphology and strength of osseointegration

Abstract

The aims of this study were to produce rough surfaces on zirconia by laser treatment and to examine how changes in surface topography affect tissues surrounding zirconia implants. Threaded zirconia implants with a diameter of 2 mm and length of 7 mm were used. The experimental implants had surfaces treated with laser (YAG laser) irradiation (R-ZIs). The controls were not treated with laser irradiation (S-ZrIs). Twenty R-ZIs and twenty S-ZrIs were placed in the tibiae of 8-week-old male SD rats. The peri-implant tissues with implant bodies were collected 4 weeks after implant placement. Light microscopic and histomorphological evaluations were performed, and removal torque (RTQ) was measured. The bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio was approximately 1.25 times higher for R-ZrI than for S-ZrI on the side of the cortical bone, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in their BIC ratios on the side of the bone marrow. On the cortical bone side and bone marrow side, there was no statistically significant difference between R-ZrI and S-ZrI in the peri-implant bone area (BA), the area of peri-implant bone within the implant threads. RTQ was approximately 7 times higher for R-ZrIs than for S-ZrIs, indicating a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). In this study, the results of the animal experiment revealed new bone formation in the surroundings of the zirconia implants at 4 weeks after implant placement, indicating achievement of osseointegration. The results suggest that laser-produced rough implant surfaces effectively enhance osseointegration. © 2014 The Hard Tissue Biology Network Association.