Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Abstract

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by amenorrhea and elevated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. It may occur spontaneously, be caused by chronic or autoimmune diseases, or be genetic or iatrogenic due to gonadotoxic or surgical therapy. Diagnostics include determination of the respective laboratory parameters, sonography, bone density scan and genetics depending on the medical history. Early initiation of hormone replacement therapy is indicated to reduce cardiovascular risks, improve urogenital and vasomotor symptoms as well as bone density and should be continued until natural menopausal age is reached at approximately 50 years.