A review on heavy metal contamination at mining sites and remedial techniques

Abstract

Urbanization is taking place at a rapid pace resulting in an increased amount of pollution. Eventually, the extraction of precious metals and minerals releases hazardous metallic substances into the atmosphere increasing their existing quantity. Many health problems and illnesses in humans are associated with heavy metal toxicity. Plants, microorganisms and aquatic organisms are also affected. Toxic heavy metals include arsenic, zinc, etc. Physical and chemical methods of remediation have many drawbacks. Whereas the biological approach is a clean, inexpensive method, and a promising emerging field. This review article briefly summarizes the heavy metal impacts and their removal techniques.