The Influence of Anemia Education Media on Increasing Self-Awareness and Compliance in Consuming Iron Supplements in Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Anemia is a significant global health issue affecting adolescent females. Since 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) has advocated for iron supplementation as the preferred intervention to prevent and mitigate adolescent anemia. Adherence to the consumption of iron supplement tablets remains inadequate, primarily due to adolescents’ insufficient knowledge and self-awareness. Education is essential for enhancing self-awareness and adherence to iron supplement pills. This literature review examines the influence of health education media on anemia prevention, particularly in improving self-awareness and adherence to Iron Supplement Tablet (IST) use among adolescent females. Studies were chosen according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A thorough search across various databases generated 2129 papers: Google Scholar= 2260, PubMed= 130, ScienceDirect= 236, and Scopus= 100. Of these, 597 were discarded for irrelevance, two were inaccessible, and 14 articles were included in the study following the eligibility assessment. The review findings indicate that health education media using Print Media (brochures, flip charts), Media Technology (audiovisual, animated videos), Telephone calls and text messages, Social Media (WhatsApp, TikTok), Game Media (Monopoly), and peer groups substantially increase self-awareness and adherence to iron supplement consumption in preventing anemia among adolescent girls.