Lower 24-h urinary potassium excretion is associated with higher prevalent depression and anxiety status in general population

Abstract

Background: Uncertainty remains about the association of potassium (K) intake with depression and anxiety status. We explored their relationship using 24-h urinary K, reflecting K intake, in general population. Methods: We collected 24-h urine and performed self-rating depression and anxiety scales (SDS, SAS) cross-sectionally in adults selected by random sampling in China. SDS and SAS standard score ≥50 defined depression and anxiety status. Participants were divided into three groups (T1, T2, and T3) by 24-h urinary K tertile. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding anti-hypertensive agent takers. Results: 546 participants comprised current analytical sample. First, T1 and T2 groups showed higher SDS scores (40.0 vs 40.0 vs 36.0, p =.001), prevalence (19.8 vs 15.9 vs 7.1%, p =.002), whereas increased adjusted odds for depression status only in T1 group (OR = 2.71, p =.017), compared with T3 group. Second, T1 and T2 groups showed higher SAS scores (38.0 vs 40 vs 35.0, p