Loss of cannabinoid-stimulated guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thiotriphosphate) binding without receptor down-regulation in brain regions of anandamide-tolerant rats

Abstract

The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide has been reported to produce well-defined behavioral tolerance, but studies on the possible mechanisms underlying this process are few and often contradictory. The present study was designed to survey the cellular events involved in anandamide tolerance, in terms of the effects on receptor number, coupling with G proteins, and activation of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) cascade. Chronic treatment of rats with anandamide (20 mg/kg i.p. for 15 days) resulted in behavioral tolerance without any change in cannabinoid receptor binding in the brain regions studied (striarum, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum), suggesting that receptor down-regulation was not involved in the development of anandamide behavioral tolerance. In contrast, prolonged exposure to anandamide significantly reduced agonist-stimulated guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thiotriphosphate) binding in the same areas, with losses of >50%, suggesting that receptor desensitization may be part of the molecular mechanism underlying this tolerance. Finally, concerning the cAMP cascade - the most well-known intracellular signaling pathways activated by CB1 receptors - in the brain regions from rats tolerant to anandamide, we found no alteration in cAMP levels or in protein kinase A activity. We propose that anandamide, unlike Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids, does not alter the receptor system at multiple levels but that desensitization of the CB1 receptor might account for behavioral tolerance to the drug.