Resistance and Rebellion

Abstract

After the Reformation, a series of destructive religious wars arose throughout mainland Europe and the British Isles. These conflicts forced Protestants to consider how they should respond to rulers who threatened their lives and faith. Some defended resistance, even with the force of arms, based on natural and divine laws. Others advocated for obedience alone, deeming resistance an unlawful rebellion. This introductory chapter examines the key themes that emerged as early modern Protestants justified or condemned resistance to civil authorities. It ultimately demonstrates the great diversity within Protestant thought over how Christians should engage with politics and civil government.