MCPA Optical Fiber Sensors via Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Intensity-Based and Plasmonic Platforms

Abstract

Two low-cost optical–chemical sensors based on plastic optical fibers (POFs) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are developed and tested for the detection of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), a herbicide of great interest in environmental monitoring. The first sensor is based on an optical splitter composed of two modified POFs coupled with an MIP for measuring MCPA. The second type of sensor is based on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) D-shaped POF platform combined with the same MIP receptor for MCPA. The two proposed polymer-based sensors, exploiting different optical phenomena, were tested using similar equipment, consisting of white light sources and spectrometers. The experimental results show that both MCPA sensors present high selectivity for the target analyte and similar performances in terms of detection limits (LODs) of 3 nM and detection ranges (between 3 nM and 500 nM) by exploiting the MIP’s sites with a similar affinity constant. The polymer-based sensors exhibited better performances than those achieved by the electrochemical technique combined with the same MIP presented in the literature. Then, tests performed on real samples demonstrated good recovery values (between 82% and 116%), assessing the applicability of both sensors in real-world scenarios. Moreover, the POF-MIP splitter sensor configuration can be fabricated without expensive fabrication steps, such as spinning and sputtering processes.