Pengaruh Jenis Tanaman Refugia terhadap Keanekaragaman Serangga Herbivora Ordo Orthoptera pada Pertanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.)

  • Izratul Bait R
  • Sayuthi M
  • Pramayudi N
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Abstract

Abstrak. Cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai olahan dalam produk makanan. Budidaya tanaman cabai sering dihadapkan pada berbagai masalah dan resiko, salah satu kendala utama dalam sistem budidaya cabai adalah adanya serangan serangga herbivora yang menjadi hama pada tanaman budidaya. Perlu adanya upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi serangan serangga herbivora tanpa menggunakan pestisida, salah satu caranya yaitu dengan menerapkan strategi Pengendalian Hama Tepadu (PHT). Salah satu cara penerapan dari PHT yaitu melakukan rekayasa ekologi dengan pemanfaatan tanaman refugia. Refugia merupakan spesies tumbuhan berbunga yang memiliki warna mencolok dan menjadi habitat bagi serangga karena mampu menyediakan makanan yang dibutuhkan serangga berupa nektar dan madu. Karakter morfologi dan fisiologi dari tanaman refugia yang merupakan tanaman berbunga mampu menarik datangnya berbagai spesies serangga termasuk serangga herbivora, hal ini menyebabkan serangga herbivora tersebut teralihkan dari tanaman utama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis tanaman refugia terhadap keanekaragaman serangga herbivora ordo Orthoptera pada pertanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu tanaman cabai tanpa tanaman refugia, tanaman cabai dengan tanaman bunga tahi ayam (Tagetes erecta L.), tanaman cabai dengan tanaman kembang kertas (Zinnia elegans) dan tanaman cabai dengan tanaman kenikir (Cosmos caudatus). Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan serangga herbivora dari ordo Orthoptera sebanyak 565 individu yang terbagi kedalam 3 famili dan 6 spesies. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H') antar keempat sistem budidaya yaitu berkisar 0,62-1,33, nilai indeks kemerataan (E) antar keempat sistem budidaya yaitu berkisar 0,37-0,76 dan nilai kekayaan (S) antar keempat sistem budidaya yaitu berkisar 3,7-5,8.The Effect of Refugia Plant Types on Diversity of Herbivorous Insects of the Order Orthoptera in Cultivation of Red Chili (Capsicum annum L.)Abstract. Red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the vegetable commodities with high economic value that can be used for various preparations in food products. Chili cultivation is often faced with various problems and risks, one of the main obstacles in the chili cultivation system is the attack of herbivorous insects that become pests on cultivated plants. Efforts need to be made to reduce the attack of herbivorous insects without using pesticides, one way is by implementing an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy. One way to apply IPM is to do ecological engineering by using refugia plants. Refugia is a species of flowering plant that has striking colors and is a habitat for insects because it is able to provide the food needed by insects in the form of nectar and honey. The morphological and physiological characters of refugia plants which are flowering plants are able to attract the arrival of various insect species including herbivorous insects, this causes the herbivorous insects to be diverted from the main plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of refugia plant types on diversity of herbivorous insects of the order Orthoptera in cultivation of red chili (Capsicum annum L.).This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 4 treatments, namely chili plants without refugia plants, chili plants with chicken dung flowers (Tagetes erecta L.), chili plants with paper flower plants (Zinnia elegans) and chili plants with kenikir plants (Cosmos caudatus). The results of this study found herbivorous insects from the order Orthoptera as many as 565 individuals which were divided into 3 families and 6 species. The diversity index value (H') between the four cultivation systems ranges from 0,62-1,33, the evenness index value (E) between the four cultivation systems is around 0,37-0,76 and the value of wealth (S) between the four cultivation systems which is around 3,7-5,8.The Effect of Refugia Plant Types on Diversity of Herbivorous Insects of the Order Orthoptera in Cultivation of Red Chili (Capsicum annum L.)

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Izratul Bait, R., Sayuthi, M., & Pramayudi, N. (2022). Pengaruh Jenis Tanaman Refugia terhadap Keanekaragaman Serangga Herbivora Ordo Orthoptera pada Pertanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 7(1), 749–769. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i1.19554

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