Factors Associated with Malnutrition in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is a widespread but often neglected concern among older individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in Thailand, where research on this issue is limited. In this group, malnutrition can result in adverse outcomes, such as diminished physical function, decreased quality of life, longer hospitalizations, and increased mortality. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of malnutrition and the factors contributing to it among older adults with T2DM.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in August and September 2024 at our local hospital. Older patients diagnosed with T2DM for at least 6 months were included in the analysis. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria, which assess weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of malnutrition.RESULTS: Of the 176 participants, 30.1% were malnourished. Factors significantly associated with malnutrition included being underweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 11.07, 95% CI: 2.69–45.53), being married (AOR: 5.29, 95% CI: 1.14–24.64), living with diabetes for more than 10 years (AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.23–7.25), poor medication adherence (AOR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.06–6.17), and having a glomerular filtration rate below 60 (AOR: 4.70, 95% CI: 1.95–11.34).CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is prevalent in older individuals with T2DM. Routine nutritional evaluations should be implemented to reduce health risks and improve patient outcomes in this population.