B lymphocyte subset changes in primary membranous nephropathy

Abstract

Background: Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is an autoimmune disease affecting renal glomerulus, characterized by autoantibodies aggregation on podocytes and subsequent epithelial thickening. Therefore, rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is used to treat patients with the deteriorating condition. Objectives: Assumingthat rituximab demolishes a considerablenumberof B-lymphocytesandcauses transientimmunodeficiency, we aimed to identify B cell subsets involved in PMN pathogenesis to facilitate specific targeting. Methods: Using flowcytometery, 25PMNpatients including 15 on standard treatment and 10 on standard treatment plus rituximab were enrolled to compare with healthy controls. Rituximab-receiving patients were studied before and two months after administration. Results: Neither total CD19+ nor memory B cell percentages showed significant differences between the study groups. However, the number of B regulatory cells (Breg) was lower in both standard-treatment and Rituximab-receiving patients than in controls. Moreover, the percentage of naÏve/mature B cells dropped after standard treatment. Conclusions: PMN patients seem to possess an insufficient percentage of Breg cells, which are involved in immunomodulation. Furthermore, the standard-treatment group showed a reduced count of naÏve/mature B cells, which constitute a substantial proportion of normal B lymphocytes population.