Aquascape ornamental industry in Malaysia: A perspective review

Abstract

Aquascape is the skill of combining aquatic plants with soil, sand, wood, and rock to create an aquarium underwater environment either marine or freshwater as a beautiful decoration at home or in the office. The aquatic plant consisted as a major component in aquascape where the ornamental fish completed the ecosystem. However, poor management and lack of experience handling aquatic plants and ornamental fish could lead to freshwater environment issues. This study is essential to collect data on hobbyist preference on aquatic plants and ornamental fish and to monitor the aquascape practices; daily and weekly routine and effect on the environment. The main concerns that should be taking care of an aquascape are the discharge of ornamental fish, aquatic plants and effluents in the local waters that may threaten Malaysia's natural ecosystem. As far as aquatic plants are concerned, the key cause of the introduction of exotic species is from the aquarium industry, leading to invasive aquatic plant species associated with aquarium leaks. Invasive alien aquatic plants (IAAPs) endanger biodiversity due to their complex overgrowth and consequences that may be impacted to the environment and socioeconomic.