Basis of ionospheric modification by high-frequency waves

Abstract

The requirements of achieving ionospheric modification by ground-transmitted HF heating waves are discussed. The directly relevant processes including linear mode conversion and parametric instabilities are explained physically. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation for Langmuir waves is reviewed and the initial conditions of two types of nonlinear solutions are discussed; from which the criterion for Langmuir soliton generation is pointed out.