Review on The Role of Zn2+ Ions in Viral Pathogenesis and the Effect of Zn2+ Ions for Host Cell-Virus Growth Inhibition

Abstract

Antiviral activities of Zn2+ ions for viral pathogenesis process and inhibition by Zn2+ ions for host cell-virus growth have been investigated. Zn2+ ions inhibit viral entry, local replication, and spread to organ during viral pathogenesis process. ZFNs may become a potential antiviral agent for restricting HIV-1 integration. The ZAP inhibits viral entry and HIV-1 infection. ZMPSTE24 cooperates with IFITM to inhibit viral entry. ZNF502 was confirmed with siRNA knockdown of the host protein levels resulting in reduced RSV virus production in infected cells. Zinc finger-attacking compound can inhibit HIV-1 and MuLV zinc fingers viral replication in vivo, in which anti-retroviral drugs which target the nucleocapsid zinc finger may be clinically useful against HIV-1. Zn2+ ions also inhibit Nidovirus replication that increasing the intracellular Zn2+ concentration can efficiently impair the replication of a variety of RNA viruses. A viral infection spread in the infected cell is involved in direct cell-to-cell transmission and cellfree transmission to spread within a host that the effects of zinc ions (using 15 mM - ZnSO4 solution) against HSV infection. Zinc oxide tetrapods also inhibit viral entry and spread of HSV infection.