Effect of different wavelengths and powers of laser on surface topography and biofilm removal from titanium implants: an in vitro study

Abstract

Background: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different wavelengths and powers of laser on the surface topography of titanium implants, and to investigate their efficacy in removal of the biofilm complex from the implant surface. Methods: Ten titanium implants, consisting of five new and five failed implants, were randomized and divided into five separate test groups; (Group 1) Erbium Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) 2780 nm, (Group 2) Erbium-doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er: YAG) 2940 nm, (Group 3) Neodymium-doped: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) 1064 nm, (Group 4) Diode 940 nm, and (Group 5) Diode 445 nm. Each test group consisted of two implants; one new and one failed implant. A total of 160 implant sites were irradiated. Each area was scanned using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) prior to and following laser irradiations. A descriptive analysis was conducted by summarizing the data in terms of frequencies and percentages. Pearson Chi Square test and Fisher’s Exact test were used for comparison between different laser type and laser power intensities. The significance level was set at P