K-METTA: Cognitive Techniques and Metta Meditations to Reduce Trauma-Related Feelings of Guilt and Shame - Presentation of the Intervention Based on Two Case Studies

Abstract

Background: Fear and helplessness have long been considered as central emotions for PTSD. However, recent research suggests that feelings of guilt and shame play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of PTSD, especially after the experience of interpersonal violence. Metta meditation (English: loving kindness) aims to face oneself and others with unconditional benevolence and friendliness. Practicing Metta reduces self-criticism and strengthens the feeling of social connectedness. Method: K-METTA is an intervention (6 sessions) to reduce traumarelated guilt and shame, combining cognitive techniques with Metta meditation. In sessions 1 and 2, guilt-related cognitions are questioned in a socratic way. The focus of sessions 3-6, in addition to deepening the cognitive interventions, is on Metta meditations. Here, patients practice directing good wishes to themselves and others. Case Reports: Two case studies of patients, who have experienced sexual violence, are presented. Descriptive prepost comparisons show a reduction in trauma-related guilt and shame as well as in PTSD and other psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Specific interventions focusing on the reduction of trauma-related guilt and shame could contribute to the improvement of the effectiveness of trauma-related treatments. In this context, a combination of cognitive techniques and Metta meditation seems to be a promising approach.