Optimizing Electric Motorcycle-Charging Station Locations for Easy Accessibility and Public Benefit: A Case Study in Surakarta

Abstract

Many benefits follow from the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to replace fossil fuel-based vehicles (FVs), i.e., improved transportation energy efficiency, reduced carbon and noise emissions, and the mitigation of tailpipe emissions. However, replacing conventional FVs with EVs requires the establishment of a suitable charging infrastructure representing a commonplace detail that blends into the landscape and is available in various locations. This research focuses on the infrastructure of Electric Motorcycles (EM), constituting a relatively dense network of charging stations (CS), which is an essential factor in accelerating the commercialization of EM in Indonesia. In this case study, we propose a Charging Infrastructure Optimization approach for placing charging stations to meet the demand posed by motorcycles. This study uses motorcycle user data as the initiation data for electric motorcycle users. The selection of charging station development points uses the calculation methods of the centrality index and scalogram, which describe the density of community activities. After the charging station’s construction point is obtained, the point is validated with the optimization model that has been designed with respect to the Maximal Covering Location Problem. We also analyze the benefits and costs of constructing this charging station to determine its feasibility.