Heterogeneously Catalyzed Carboxylic Acid Hydrogenation to Alcohols

Abstract

This critical review discusses the synthesis of alcohols via hydrogenation of carboxylic acids promoted by heterogeneous metal catalysis. The introductory chapter rationalizes the comparative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives, which is proceeded by a description of different mechanisms for carboxylic acid hydrogenation. Reaction pathways are discussed that give rise to undesired side products, before comparing the reactivity of different classes of carboxylic acid substrates with a focus on biomass-derived carboxylic acids. The final portion of the review aims to guide researchers in the selection of appropriate reaction conditions, such as the choice of solvent, transition metal, and catalyst support.