Pulsing of a focused mantle plume: Evidence from the distribution of Foundation Chain hotspot volcanism

Abstract

Using the rare case of a hotspot chain crossing a fossil microplate, we reveal fundamental mantle plume characteristics by comparing hotspot volcanism in a sequence of contrasting tectonic settings. Key new 40Ar/39Ar ages show that the Foundation mantle plume pulses hot masses from depth with an apparent periodicity of one Myr. Synchronous magmatism over large distances indicates that masses associated with individual pulses are focused initially into similarly sized zones under the Pacific plate. Since the plume, spreading on impact with the lithosphere, influences a very wide area, apparently unconnected hotspot volcanism can be produced simultaneously across wide swaths, often crosscutting seamount chains. Our model might explain in part much of the midplate volcanism scattered across the Pacific seafloor indicating the episodic addition of significantly greater masses of plume material into the upper mantle than suggested by the narrowness of major seamount chains.