Spatiotemporal dynamics of mammalian wound healing

Abstract

Mammalian wound healing is orchestrated by tightly regulated cellular and molecular programs across the hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. Here, we propose the concept of spatiotemporal clocks as a unifying framework for understanding how transitions between phases are coordinated. We dissect the roles of distinct spatial domains: epidermis, dermis, fascia, wound edges, and wound center, and highlight the oscillatory molecular signals that govern their dynamic interactions. Special attention is given to wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) as a model of regenerative potential. By integrating spatial and temporal dimensions, this framework unifies the multidimensional aspects of wound healing, laying a robust foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.