Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan pada Ny. M. E. Dengan Asma Bronkial di RSUD Ende

Abstract

Dalam pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan pada kasus asma, perawat mendapat tantangan atau permasalahan kurangnya pemahaman perawat akan penggunaan literature dalam penetapan standar pelayanan seperti harus menggunakan buku  Standar Diagnosa Keperawatan Indonesia (SDKI), Standar Luaran Keperawatan Indonesia (SLKI), Standar Intervensi Keperawatan Indonesia (SIKI) serta ketidakpatuhan pasien dalam mencegah timbulnya serangan asma. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan asuhan keperawatan pada Ny. M. E. dengan diagnosa medis asma bronkial dan menganalisis kesenjangan antara teori dan kasus nyata. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, diagnosa, perencanaan, implementasi dan evaluasi keperawatan. Hasil studi kasus ditemukan tiga masalah keperawatan pada kasus yaitu bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan hipersekresi jalan napas, pola napas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan hambatan upaya napas, dan gangguan pola tidur berhubungan dengan sesak napas. Intervensi dan implementasi keperawatan dirancang dan dilaksanakan dengan tindakan dependen seperti observasi, edukasi dan interdependen seperti tindakan kolaborasi. Setelah dilaksanakan implementasi selama 3 hari masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif teratasi sebagian dan masalah pola napas tidak efektif dan gangguan pola tidur teratasi. Setelah dilaksanakan implementasi selama 3 hari masalah keperawatan pola napas tidak efektif dan gangguan pola tidur teratasi sedangkan masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif teratasi sebagian dan disarankan untuk pasien dan keluarga agar mengikuti semua anjuran dari petugas kesehatan dengan tujuan mencegah timbulnya komplikasi yang lebih parah.According to Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS, 2018), the prevalence rate of asthma at all ages in Indonesia is 2.5%. The incidence of asthma is most common in the age group of 75 years and above and begins to decrease in the age group of 15-24 years. The role of nurses in providing nursing care to patients is by providing pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacology and providing education about bronchial asthma. In the implementation of nursing care in asthma cases, nurses are challenged or have problems with the lack of understanding of nurses about the use of literature in setting service standards such as having to use the Indonesia Nursing Diagnostic Standards (SDKI), Indonesia Nursing Output Standards (SLKI), Indonesia Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI) and patient non-compliance in preventing asthma attacks. This case study aims to describe the nursing care of Mrs. M. E. with a medical diagnosis of bronchial asthma and analyze the gap between theory and real cases. The method used is a case study with a nursing care approach which includes review, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of nursing. The results of the case study found three nursing problems in the case, namely ineffective airway clearance related to airway hypersecretion, ineffective breathing patterns related to inhibition of breathing effort, and sleep pattern disorders related to shortness of breath. Nursing interventions and implementations are designed and implemented with dependent actions such as observation, education and interdependent such as collaborative actions. After 3 days of implementation, the problem of ineffective airway cleaning was partially resolved, and the problem of ineffective breathing patterns and sleep pattern disorders was resolved. After 3 days of implementation, the nursing problem of ineffective breathing patterns and sleep pattern disorders was resolved, while the problem of ineffective airway clearance was partially resolved and it was recommended for patients and families to follow all recommendations from health workers with the aim of preventing the onset of more severe complications