Integrating dynamic façade design into architectural education and practice through Mashrabiya-inspired kinetic systems

Abstract

Purpose This research assesses the knowledge enhancement of students as a consequence of the integration of traditional architectural concepts and contemporary kinetic facades systems. The study has a special focus on adaptive envelopes, which are inspired by Mashrabiya, which is an element of Islamic architecture. Using a design-build approach within an educational action-research model, three groups of students brainstormed and physically constructed kinetic facade prototypes using both physical and digital tools such as cardboard, steel parts, Arduino microcontrollers, and stepper motors. The study created distinct conceptual models, based on Islamic geometric vocabularies, biomimetic patterns based on avian wing movement, and solar-responsive design principles. The prototypes that were assembled demonstrated a deep understanding of the traditional roles of Mashrabiya such as daylight control, privacy control, and natural ventilation alongside measurable technical values. It is important to note that one result obtained a reduction of up to 93% in solar penetration without losing visual connectivity. The paper presents a case-based pedagogical framework that promotes early exposure to performance-based facade design and provides practical advice to instructors who want to incorporate sustainability and culturally responsive kinetic systems in architectural education and professional practice, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council.