Impact of high penetration of renewable energy sources on grid frequency behaviour

Abstract

With the emergence of renewable energy sources (RESs), the power grid all over the world is going through a paradigm shift. Traditional rotating synchronous generators are being replaced by inverter-based RESs, and this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. Consequently, the inertia of the grid is gradually decreasing, which can pose significant challenges on grid frequency stability. This paper assesses the impact of integration of inverter-based RESs on grid frequency response through eigenvalue analysis of low-inertia power grids. Also, this study quantifies this impact by analysing sensitivity of the grid frequency, RoCoF, frequency nadir and frequency stability on the penetration level basis of RESs. Case studies on the modified IEEE 39 bus test system have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in analysing the impact of high penetration of RESs on frequency stability.