Phytochemical profiling of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Curcuma caesia rhizome by GC-MS and comparing their bioactivities

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterise the putative phytochemical constituents from petroleum ether (CC-P) and chloroform (CC-C) extracts of Curcuma. caesia rhizome by GC-MS analysis and to compare their bioactivities. GC-MS analysis facilitated the documentation of a total of 16 and 20 volatile constituents in CC-P and CC-C extracts respectively. Of these the major constituents present in CC-P were cycloisolongifolence, 8, 9-dehydro-9 formyl- (19.64%), 4-oxo- β-isodamascol (16.05%), 6,10-dimethyl-3- (1-methylethyl) -6-cyclodecene-1,4-dione (13.80%), 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one,6-[1-(acetyloxy) -3-oxobutyl]- 3,3a,4,7,8,8a- hexahydro-7-methyl- 3-methylene- (9.08%), tricycle [5.1.0.0(2,4)] oct-5-ene-5-propanoic acid,3,3,8.8-tetramethyl- (6.39%), 2(3H)-benzofuranone,6-ethenylhexahydro-3,6-dimethyl-7-(1- methyl ethenyl)-, [3S-(3α,3aα,6α,7β,7aβ) (4.18%) and 7a-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethy loctahydroindene-4-carboxylic acid (4.01%). Similarly, the major constituents present in CC-C were cycloisolongifolence,8,9- dehydro-9-formyl-(15.69%), 6,10-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-6-cyclodecene-1, 4-dione (13.38%), 2H-cyclohepta [b]furan-2-one,6-[1- (acetyloxy)-3-oxobutyl] -3,3a,4,7,8,8a- hexa hydro -7-methyl - 3-methylene- (4.55%), tricycle [5.1.0.0(2,4)] oct-5-ene-5- propanoic acid,3,3,8.8-tetramethyl- (7.50%), 2(3H)-benzofuranone, 6-ethenylhexahydro-3,6-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-,[3S- (3α,3aα,6α,7β,7aβ) (6.15%), 7a-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethyl octahydroindene-4-carboxylic acid (6.43%) and 2-(4a,8- Dimethyl-6- oxo-1,2,3,4-4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-2-yl) propionaldehyde (6.57%). The extracts, CC-P and CC-C exhibited almost similar antibacterial and antifungal potentials but differed with respect to antioxidant activity. The IC50 values of CC-P and CC-C extracts for DPPH scavenging were 0.68±0.02 mg ml-1 and 0.13±0.01 mg ml-1 respectively. Together, above results provide an important basis for the isolation of bioactive compounds from C. caesia rhizome extract and their use as traditional medicine.