Development and Usability Assessment of Virtual Reality- and Haptic Technology-Based Educational Content for Perioperative Nursing Education

Abstract

Background/Objectives: In perioperative nursing practice, nursing students can engage in direct, in-person clinical experiences in perioperative environments; however, they face limitations due to infection and contamination risks. This study aimed to develop and evaluate educational content for perioperative clinical practice for nursing students using virtual reality (VR) and haptic technology. Methods: The program, based on the Unity Engine, was created through programming and followed the system development lifecycle (SDLC) phases of analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. This program allows nursing students to engage in perioperative practice using VR and haptic technology, overcoming previous environmental limitations and enhancing practical and immersive experiences through multi-sensory stimuli. Results: Expert evaluations indicated that the developed content was deemed suitable for educational use. Additionally, a usability assessment with 29 nursing students revealed high levels of presence, usability, and satisfaction among the participants. Conclusions: This program can serve as a foundation for future research on VR-based perioperative nursing education.