Contesting Space and Representational Politics: State–Community Conflict in the Development of the Suramadu Area

  • Mutmainnah M
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Abstract

This study explores the contestation of space between the state and local communities in the development of the Suramadu region, particularly the planned construction of a coastal tourism area (Madura Park) in Sekar Bungoh Hamlet, Sukolilo Barat Village, Bangkalan Regency. The research aims to analyze how spatial politics are exercised in the development process, identify the key actors involved, and understand who benefits and who is marginalized in implementing Suramadu's development agenda. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through non-participant observation, in-depth interviews with affected residents and government actors, and analysis of planning documents and media coverage. The study is framed by Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space, particularly the concepts of spatial practice, representations of space, and representational space. Findings reveal that the spatial planning of Suramadu's development, articulated through the master plan of the Surabaya–Madura Regional Development Agency (BPWS), prioritizes state and investor interests while marginalizing local communities. The government’s representation of space emphasizes economic growth through tourism, trade, and industrial zones, often at the expense of community rights and historical attachments to the land. The forced displacement and land acquisition processes have generated resistance from residents, who organized through the "Kelompok Masyarakat Tolak Penggusuran" (Community Group Against Eviction) to defend their land, heritage, and livelihoods. Their resistance highlights material grievances and symbolic struggles over recognition, justice, and participation in spatial decision-making. This study concludes that spatial development in Suramadu is marked by structural asymmetries of power, in which space becomes a site of political contestation rather than shared progress. It also underscores the importance of participatory and culturally informed spatial planning to mitigate conflict and ensure equitable development outcomes.Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perebutan ruang antara negara dan komunitas lokal dalam pengembangan kawasan Suramadu, khususnya terkait rencana pembangunan kawasan wisata pesisir (Madura Park) di Dusun Sekar Bungoh, Desa Sukolilo Barat, Kabupaten Bangkalan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana politik ruang berlangsung dalam proses pembangunan tersebut, mengidentifikasi aktor-aktor utama yang terlibat, serta memahami pihak-pihak yang diuntungkan dan dimarjinalkan dalam implementasi agenda pembangunan Suramadu. Melalui pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, data dikumpulkan dengan observasi non-partisipan, wawancara mendalam dengan warga terdampak dan aktor pemerintah, serta analisis dokumen perencanaan dan pemberitaan media. Kajian ini menggunakan teori produksi ruang Henri Lefebvre, khususnya konsep praktik spasial (spatial practice), representasi ruang (representations of space), dan ruang representasional (representational space). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan spasial pembangunan Suramadu, yang diwujudkan melalui rencana induk Badan Pengembangan Wilayah Surabaya–Madura (BPWS), lebih mengutamakan kepentingan negara dan investor serta meminggirkan komunitas lokal. Representasi ruang yang dikonstruksi pemerintah menekankan pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui pengembangan pariwisata, perdagangan, dan zona industri, sering kali dengan mengorbankan hak-hak komunitas serta keterikatan historis mereka dengan tanah. Proses penggusuran paksa dan pembebasan lahan telah memicu resistensi warga yang mengorganisasi diri melalui Kelompok Masyarakat Tolak Penggusuran untuk mempertahankan tanah, warisan sejarah, dan mata pencaharian mereka. Perlawanan tersebut memperlihatkan tidak hanya keluhan materiil, tetapi juga perjuangan simbolik terkait pengakuan, keadilan, dan partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan spasial. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembangunan ruang di Suramadu ditandai oleh asimetri struktural kekuasaan, yang menyebabkan ruang menjadi arena perebutan politik, bukan kemajuan bersama. Selain itu, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya perencanakan ruang yang partisipatif dan sensitif terhadap budaya untuk meredam konflik serta memastikan hasil pembangunan yang lebih adil.

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APA

Mutmainnah, M. (2025). Contesting Space and Representational Politics: State–Community Conflict in the Development of the Suramadu Area. Society, 13(1), 687–704. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v13i1.788

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