Korean traditional archery and Sage (Archery Fraternity): Through interpretation of historical materials from Deokyujeong

Abstract

In Korean traditional archery clubs, there are unique cultures and old customs that are not found anywhere else. This paper tries to trace the origin of these cultures and customs by focusing on Sage (Archery Fraternity), especially the Deokyuge fraternity that existed as the central operating body of Deokyu archery clubs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the true nature and social functions of Sage, through a historical consideration of the organization of Deokyuge. The findings were as follows: 1. Deokyuge was established to maintain Deokyu archery clubs through financial support. 2. The operation of Deokyuge showed repeated break-up and resumption owing to lack of funds. 3. Through money-lending businesses they obtained funds. The profits were used to repair archery facilities, hold regular archery competitions and for mutual aid. 4. To sustain the fraternity perpetually, they formulated detailed regulations and established a strict mutual aid system. 5. To enter the club, members had to pay an entrance fee after being judged for their personality, job and wealth. 6. Rights and duties are defined by regulation and position. Executive members enjoyed splendor and privileges. 7. The most important function of the fraternity was to support social success by passing the national officer certification examination. The exam comprised several kinds of archery and horseback riding. 8. The fraternity also promptly met the needs of the times. The main function also changed periodically. After abolition of the traditional officer certification examination, the main function of the fraternity was changed to finance and administration within the village. 9. After the prevalence of modern banking and the development of modern society, Sage declined for a while. However, through conversion of traditional archery into a competitive sport and modernization of the Sage, the fraternity was again invigorated. 10. Most of the old customs and culture of current Korean archery originated from the fraternity.