Current and future perspectives in shoulder and elbow arthroscopy: a narrative review

Abstract

Purpose: This article reviews the current state and future directions of arthroscopic surgery for the shoulder and elbow joints. With the growing prevalence of upper extremity disorders caused by aging, occupational demands, and sports activity, arthroscopy has become an essential minimally invasive tool for both diagnosis and treatment across a wide range of conditions. Current Concepts: In the shoulder joint, arthroscopic surgery has largely replaced open procedures for rotator cuff tears, shoulder instability, and adhesive capsulitis. Advances such as knotless fixation, double-row repair, superior capsular reconstruction, and biologic augmentation have enabled durable outcomes, even in complex cases. In the elbow joint, arthroscopic procedures are increasingly used in the management of lateral and medial epicondylitis, osteoarthritis, synovial plica syndrome, and sports-related injuries. Compared to open approaches, elbow arthroscopy provides greater precision, faster recovery, and lower complication rates, although it requires specialized expertise due to the joint’s intricate anatomy. Discussion and Conclusion: The scope of arthroscopic surgery in the upper extremity continues to expand with the integration of biologics, personalized surgical planning, and real-time intraoperative technologies. Artificial intelligence–based imaging analysis, navigation systems, and endoscopic innovations are further improving safety and outcomes. As indications broaden and techniques evolve, arthroscopic surgery is expected to play a leading role in the comprehensive management of both shoulder and elbow disorders.