A Comprehensive Review on Waste Fish Oil as Feed-Stock of Biodiesel

Abstract

The rapidly declining fossil fuel reserves across globe, upsurge in usage of petro-diesel fuel and very hazardous effect on environment fascinated the researchers towards economically feasible, eco-friendly plant based vegetable oil and animal fat based biodiesel as alternative renewable fuel to replace partially or completely the fossil fuel. Recently biodiesel produced from feedstock such as vegetable oil or animal fat using by the transesterification process has more attention. But some researchers revealed that edible vegetable oil based biodiesel may cause rise in food-product price and eventually trigger for food-crisis for future generations. On the other side, even though non-edible oil plants are cultivated in barren and uncultivated waste lands, the production cost of non-edible oil also increased due to heavy use of fertilizers and intense usage of pesticides. The best alternative to cut the price of biodiesel feed stock was identified animal fat and fish waste as feed stock. This is because in livestock and aqua industry that globally, over a million tons of animal fat and fish parts such as fins, viscera, tails, eyes etc., have been unused/underutilized and most of the time discarded as a waste. In this review paper, a comprehensive review has been conducted to study the different research accomplishments on fish and aqua waste as feed-stock of biodiesel in the production alternative bio-fuel for a diesel engine.